Somaiya

www.somaiya.edu

Karnataka Institute of Applied Agricultural Research

Crop : Sugarcane

Field : Agronomy

Collaborator : INAGROSA Technology of South Africa.

Title : Effect of organic manures and chemical fertilizers on cane yield and quality.

Author : R.B. Khandagave and P.G. Satpute.

Year : 1998

As per the protocol supplied by INAGROSA Technology of South Africa, the experiment on organic manures and chemical fertilizer was laid out with an inclusion of Bhumilabh as one of the component of treatment in the experiment. The details of treatments is as given below.

T1 = Recommended N, P and K (250, 75 and 187.5 Kg/ha)

T2 = 80 percent N + Recommended P and K

T3 = 80 percent N + Aminorgan @ 600 Kg/ha

T4 = 60 percent N + Recommended P and K

T5 = 60 percent N + Aminorgan @ 600 Kg/ha

T6 = Farm Yard manure @ 25 t/ha

T7 = 80 percent N, P and K + Bhumilabh @ 5 t/ha.

Experiment was laid out in Latin Square Design with seven treatments and same numbers of replications. This experiment was laid out in two locations A - fertile soil (Medium N, low P and high K range of available nutrients) and B - Low fertile (low available N, P and high K content). CoC 671 variety of sugarcane was used for these two experiments. The results obtained during 1998-99 season are as elucidated below.

Results and Discussion

1. Growth, yield attributes, yield of cane and sugar: (Table 19)

Germination percentage did not vary significantly due to application of organic manures or due to chemical fertilizer application for both the locations. Application of Bhumilabh @ 5 t/ha inconjunction with 80 percent RDF (NPK) recorded significantly higher cane formed shoots at both locations and was on par T1 and T2 in B locations. No. of internodes were found significantly higher in T7 (24.60) and was on par with T1 (23.49) in A location. Similarly in B location T7 was recorded significantly higher no. of internodes and was on par with T1 (22.50) and T3 (22.59). Maximum no. of internodes (24.36) were observed in T7 and minimum in T6 (18.30). Significantly higher plant height was recorded in both the locations in T7 and also highest plant height of 250.96 cm in T7 and lowest in T6 (176.59 cm). Significantly higher mean cane weight was observed in T7 compared to T4, T5 and T6 however it was on par with T1, T2 and T3. Mean value was maximum in T7 (1.20 Kg) and minimum in T6 (0.82 Kg). Number of millable canes were found significantly higher in T7 at both the locations compared all other treatments except T1 so also mean values were maximum in T7 (19.19 'ooo/ha) and minimum in T6 (74.75 'ooo/ha). Cane yield was significantly higher in T7 at A location (108.47 t/ha) compared to all other treatments. Significantly higher cane yield was recorded in T7 (102.49 t/ha) compared to all other treatments except T1 at B location. Among mean values maximum cane yield was recorded in T7 (105.48 t/ha) and minimum being in T6 (62.66 t/ha). CCS yield was significantly higher in T7 (16.07 t/ha) compared to all other treatments at A location. In B location T7 recorded significantly higher CCS yield (14.43 t/ha) compared to rest of treatments. Simillarly maximum mean value was observed in T7 (15.25 t/ha) and minimum in T6 (9.29 t/ha).

2. Juice quality parameters:

The juice quality parameters such as brix (%), Pol (%), Purity (%) and Reducing sugars (%) recorded are presented in Table 19a. All quality parameters did not influence due to various treatment imposition. However T7 performed better with respect to all quality parameters compared to other treatments.

Conclusion:

Application of Bhumilabh @ 5 t/ha in conjunction with 80 % recommended dose of NPK produced more or equivalent yield that obtained due to 100 percent recommended dose of chemicals indicating minimisation of 20% inorganic fertilizers usage. Further aminorgan @ 600 Kg/ha found to produce encouraging results due to its 20 and 40 percent reduced nitrogen levels. It was also observed that fertile soil responded more to the application of both inorganic and organic fertilizers. In view of the importance attached to sustainable agriculture it is utmost important to use chemical fertilizer in conjunction with organic manure. The Bhumilabh performed better with reduced N.P and K to the extent 20 percent of their recommendation and further there is over all improvement in juice quality parameters.

Table 19. Effect of organic manures and chemical fertilizers on growth, yield attributes, yield of cane and sugar (1998).

Treatment	Germination (%)			Cane formed shoots(lakh/ha)			No. of internodes			Plant height (cm)
	A	B	Mean	A	B	Mean	A	B	Mean	A	B
T1	72.59	77.75	75.17	2.11	2.18	2.15	23.49	22.50	22.99	242.40	231.37
T2	70.33	72.94	71.64	2.06	2.17	2.12	22.52	21.22	21.89	225.51	216.37
T3	72.62	73.30	72.96	2.18	2.12	2.15	22.57	22.59	22.58	232.41	221.50
T4	72.28	72.33	72.31	1.79	1.76	1.78	22.51	20.83	21.67	220.37	209.43
T5	72.22	74.70	73.46	1.94	1.93	1.94	21.44	21.83	21.64	210.43	202.77
T6	70.72	73.70	72.20	1.87	1.86	1.87	18.62	17.98	18.30	182.49	170.69
T7	70.46	75.41	72.94	2.36	2.31	2.34	24.60	24.11	24.36	257.50	244.46
Mean	71.60	74.30		2.04	2.05		22.25	21.58		224.45	213.79
SE m+	1.556	1.521		0.094	0.089		0.539	0.682		4.254	4.058
C.D at 5%	NS	NS		0.273	0.256		1.556	1.969		12.286	11.718

Table 19(Contd.) Effect of organic manures and chemical fertilizers on growth, yield attributes, yield of cane and sugar.

Treatment	Mean cane weight (Kg)			N.M.C. ('ooo/ha)			Cane yield (t/ha)			C.C.S yield (t/ha)
	A	B	Mean	A	B	Mean	A	B	Mean	A	B
T1	1.21	1.15	1.16	88.45	86.74	87.59	102.44	97.43	99.94	14.66	13.70
T2	1.16	1.10	1.13	85.39	82.74	84.07	89.34	83.47	86.41	12.75	11.54
T3	1.18	1.17	1.18	86.43	85.32	85.88	94.45	85.33	89.85	13.57	11.88
T4	1.01	0.97	0.99	81.38	79.48	80.43	78.60	72.38	75.49	11.27	11.01
T5	1.02	0.99	1.01	83.39	81.82	82.61	81.60	76.61	79.11	11.88	10.60
T6	0.83	0.81	0.82	75.38	74.12	74.75	69.46	62.66	66.06	9.93	8.66
T7	1.24	1.16	1.20	92.34	90.03	91.19	108.47	102.49	105.45	16.07	14.43
Mean	1.09	1.05		84.68	82.89		88.79	82.22		12.81	11.59
SE m+	0.030	0.051		1.441	1.423		1.562	2.408		0.316	0.421
C.D at 5%	0.088	0.146		4.161	4.109		4.525	6.955		0.913	1.216

Table 19a. Effect of organic manures and chemical fertilizers on juice quality parameters(1998).

Treatment	Brix (%)			Pol (%)			Purity (%)			Reducing sugars (%)
	A	B	Mean	A	B	Mean	A	B	Mean	A	B
T1	21.30	20.77	21.04	19.08	18.79	18.94	89.56	90.43	89.99	0.580	0.610
T2	21.27	20.68	20.98	19.05	18.40	18.73	89.55	88.99	89.27	0.580	0.510
T3	21.00	20.58	20.79	19.18	18.60	18.85	91.33	90.36	90.85	0.510	0.640
T4	20.90	20.36	20.63	19.10	18.45	18.78	91.30	90.62	90.96	0.530	0.700
T5	21.10	20.41	20.76	19.31	18.35	18.83	91.47	89.82	90.65	0.520	0.550
T6	21.00	20.51	20.79	19.04	18.42	18.73	90.63	89.81	90.22	0.550	0.590
T7	21.35	20.78	21.07	19.75	18.77	19.26	92.50	90.58	91.54	0.540	0.540
Mean	21.13	20.59		19.22	18.54		90.91	90.09		0.544	0.591
SE m+	0.261	0.291		0.335	0.304		0.812	0.639		0.079	0.071
C.D at 5%	NS	NS		NS	NS		NS	NS		NS	NS

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